In a Normal Map, how are the Normals stored?

In a Normal Map, how are the Normals stored?



The Normals are stored as Colors in the texture, so to get the Normal at a certain point on the object, we would sample the normal map at the relevant point and that will give us an RGB color where each value is between 0 and 1. However, the XYZ components in a Normal vector can be between -1 and 1.
So a conversion is to multiple them by 2 and subtract 1. We now have 3 values between -1 and 1.

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