Explain the "Three-Way Handshake" via TCP/IP (also called the TCP-handshake; three message handshake and/or SYN-SYN-ACK).

Explain the "Three-Way Handshake" via TCP/IP (also called the TCP-handshake; three message handshake and/or SYN-SYN-ACK).



A three-way-handshake is a method used in a TCP/IP network to create a connection between a local host/client and server. It is a three-step method that requires both the client and server to exchange SYN (synchronized) and ACK (acknowledgment) packets before actual data communication begins.


A three-way-handshake is primarily used to create a TCP socket connection. It works when:


1. A client node sends a SYN data packet over an IP network to a server on the same or an external network. The objective of this packet is to ask/infer if the server is open for new connection.

2. The target server must have open ports that can accept and initiate new connections. When the server receives the SYN packet from the client node, it responds and returns a confirmation receipt - the ACK packet or SYN/ACK packet.

3. The client node receives the SYN/ACK from the server and responds with an ACK packet.

Upon completion of this process, the connection is created and the host and server can communicate.

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